I prefer using no filter on the lens, and a cheap good lens is a synonym of a peace of mind: you don't need to break a bank, if the lens is damaged.
One argument in favor of a filter is a filter can be used without a lens cap on the front to protect the lens in a camera bag with dividers or compartments. If a lens hood is also used the lens has quite good protection without using a lens cap.
As to flare and ghost shielding the lens front element has a much greater effect than whether one uses a filter or not. A hood may not give enough protection from just out of frame sunlight. In that case a hand may work, e.g. with a 15/5.6 AI or 24/2.8 AI.
I use Nikon L37c filter for most of my lenses. Twice over the decades a filter has given it's life to save one of my lenses.
I have an AF-D 28-70/3.5-4.5 Nikkor and AF-D 35-105/3.5-4.5 Nikkor which I paid $80.00 to $105.00 (USD) for. I figured that buying a quality Hoya filter costing 1/2 to 2/3 the cost of the lens didn't make a great deal of sense so I bought a second copy of each and keep the backups with my DX body. With these lenses I use a Nikon NH-3 hood, no filter and in a clean camera bag with dividers I normally do not use a lens cap. I quick clean the filters with a T-shirt. I've only replaced an L37c when, Oops! I smashed it, Never for scratches.
If I should buy a Nikkor Z 40/2.0 I might not use a filter and would use a lens hood. The plastic bayonet gags me.
Dave