I can only go by appearances, the AF 28-80/2.8 ED has the same AF technology and outer styling as the AF 80-200/2.8 D ED (new) - the two-ring version with tripod mount. The 80-200 was released in Jan 1997. It's likely the 80-200 was in development at least a year earlier and the 28-80 was probably in development around the same time, so the prototype could have been made some time in 1996.
That also fits the time-line for the AF-S 28-70. After Nikon decided not to go ahead with the 28-80, they designed the new 28-70 either from the ground up or by adapting the 28-80 further. Development, testing, pre-production and tooling up takes at least two years which brings up us to the release date of the AF-S 28-70 in Feb 1999.
I don't think they reduced the zoom range because they were planning for the 70-200. The first 70-200 (AF-S 70-200/28 IF-ED VR) didn't appear until four years later. Also, the AF-S 80-200/2.8 was released only two months before the 28-70 so they would have planned both lenses together. Nikon was obviously happy with the 10mm gap between the two, and probably was not satisfied with the performance of the 28-80 at 80mm, or felt the 28-80 was too large for a standard zoom - it's bigger than the 28-70 which is already a very big lens - "the beast"