I did some experiments with a Metabones speedbooster for Canon lenses to Sony E. The optical quality was surprisingly good. On very critical inspection (comparing the lens mounted on a Sony A7R2 directly with normal adapter in FF mode with lens on Speedbooster in crop mode) I found no discernible effect on optical quality in the center, and only the slightest difference in the extreme corners. If you have a purely mechanical adapter (no glass) to mount, say, an Exakta or M42 or Pentax K or Nikon lens on a Canon camera, and that adapter works well with a Canon body, you can confidently expect it to work just as well mounted on a Canon Speedbooster attached to a Sony body.
However I'm sure that not all Speedboosters are created equal: I would not expect a cheap Chinese one to perform as well as the Metabones, which IIRC costs over $500.