Some highly prized Nikkor lenses such as the AF-S 105 f1.4 do not have the real fastest (and expensive) ultrasonic ring motors, they use relatively cheaper and smaller gear motors. This one is even shared with a budget zoom lens of Nikon (I don't remember right now), and I've read of some less sought Nikkor AF-S lenses that have much better and faster motors than the one used by the expensive AF-S 105 f1.4.
The teardown that clarifies some hypes of Nikon advertising being untrue is here
https://www.lensrentals.com/blog/2016/12/taking-apart-the-new-nikon-105mm-f1-4e-ed-af-s/
All in all, it's not always true that AF-S is so much better than the old screwdriver AF
The 105/1.4 AF-S does focus very consistently (partly because it has less LoCA, I believe, and a sharp image) on D5/D6, but on my (earlier D810) and D850 it is a bit sluggish and doesn't keep up with a moving subject all that well; on a standing or sitting person either works well. With earlier lenses such as 105 DC or 85/1.4 AF-S or 85/1.4D AF, I don't get such high consistency of in-focus images at f/1.4 as I do with the 105/1.4. I've even had as high percentages as 99% of images in focus on the eye (I counted) with the D5.
But yes, the motor isn't as fast as e.g. the AF-S f/2.8 zooms. What I'm more interested is "are the images in focus?" And for that the 105/1.4 does very well for me, I would say it's one of the best lenses I've used in that respect. AF fine tuning, however, is required on all these fast primes.
I don't know what it is about the D8x0 that it can't keep up with a person walking towards a camera with fast primes, but this is my experience, whereas with the single-digit bodies it can with the 105/1.4 specifically. With the f/2.8 telezooms, all my cameras keep up with a approaching subject quite easily, even at 45 MP level I've had excellent results with the 70-200/2.8 E in the case of the D850.