NikonGear'23

Gear Talk => Lens Talk => Topic started by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 04:35:26

Title: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 04:35:26
Yesterday I visited Nikon Showroom in Shinjuku, Tokyo.  I tried the new 105/1.4E and found that it is a very challenging lens with the literal paper-thin DOF, especially focused at closer ranges.  Not for me, unfortunately.

I was also curious about the new AF-P lenses that employ the new step motors instead of conventional supersonic motors.  They had D5500 fitted with AF-"S" 18-55 kit lens and D3400 with AF-"P" 18-55 next to each other.  I tried them side by side, and found D3400 can focus noticeably faster than D5500 with superior AF module.  Both zooms were set at 55mm.

Another interesting finding was the noise.  The supersonic motor emits a faint squeaky high-frequency noise when actuated.  On the other hand, I couldn't hear anything from the AF-P lens.  The showroom was a bit noisy, but the noise from the AF-S lens was clearly audible, and AF-P operated totally silently.  My other experiences of the step motor was with Panasonic 20/1.7 pancake and Canon EF 40/2.8 STM.  Both emitted clearly audible wobbling noise.  The noise may also come from the focusing mechanism and not just from the motor.  But the end result of AF-P was impressive.

The recent interview to Nikon designers of 105/1.4E revealed that the supersonic motor was not power efficient: it is difficult to pull out the rotational power measure up to the supplied electric power.

Considering that Nikon traditionally employs the new technology into the entry models (Square shutter on Nikkormat FT, AE on Nikkorex, engineering plastic on EM, etc.), the literally silent and possibly more power efficient AF-P can revolutionize the auto focus function of Nikkor lenses.  That's why I mentioned the AF-P version of 50/1.8G as my Christmas present, although it was a bit too hasty.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Roland Vink on October 20, 2016, 05:09:09
Very interesting Akira.

From what I understand, stepper motors have the advantage in that they can be focused (stepped) to a precise position. This is useful for contrast detect focusing in live view or mirrorless cameras: if the lens focuses past optimum point (highest contrast) it is a simple matter of stepping back again. With other AF motors (screwdriver or AFS) it is not possible to step back precisely if the target is overshot, they require a constant feedback loop - measure and focus, measure and focus - to get on target. If the AF controller can simply tell the lens to step back to where focus was optimum without needing to re-measure, focusing could be quicker.

I also understand that stepper motors are weak (so far), so can only be used to move small, lightweight elements.

Not sure if my understanding is correct though :o :o
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 05:53:41
Yes, the precise operation should be another important factor.

When I had my AF-S 24/1.8G calibrated at Nikon service in Ginza, the attendant explained that the calibration of the AF-S motor would be off over time, and the focusing lens unit would fail to stop at the exact position according to the submitted order from the camera.  I hope the new stepping motor will eliminate this problem.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: pluton on October 20, 2016, 06:37:42
The Wikipedia (or other internet) article I read about motors stated that the ring motors(variously called ultrasonic, hypersonic, silent wave, etc) are considered to be  relatively low-durability motor designs. 
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 06:46:58
The Wikipedia (or other internet) article I read about motors stated that the ring motors(variously called ultrasonic, hypersonic, silent wave, etc) are considered to be  relatively low-durability motor designs.

I've heard of that, too.  The friction between the two ring elements of the actuator could be the culprit?
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Bjørn Rørslett on October 20, 2016, 06:48:23
Whatever the underlying cause(s), ring motors are not the definition of longevity.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: ArendV on October 20, 2016, 09:01:54
Interesting Akira, so it is indeed not another iteration of the 18-55 but promising new technology.
Thom Hogan has similar observations in his review of the 70-300 AF-P (http://www.dslrbodies.com/lenses/nikon-lens-reviews/nikkor-zoom-lens-reviews/nikon-70-300mm-f45-63-af-p.html). On top in his review of the D3400 he notices faster liveview focus with the AF-P lenses.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 09:29:28
Interesting Akira, so it is indeed not another iteration of the 18-55 but promising new technology.
Thom Hogan has similar observations in his review of the 70-300 AF-P (http://www.dslrbodies.com/lenses/nikon-lens-reviews/nikkor-zoom-lens-reviews/nikon-70-300mm-f45-63-af-p.html). On top in his review of the D3400 he notices faster liveview focus with the AF-P lenses.

The AF-P 18-55 has the newly designed optics in addition to the new stepping motor.  The lens barrel of AF-P is slightly slimmer and longer.  According to the MTF chart, AF-P is slightly better at the widest setting and a little inferior at the longest end.  The largest magnification factor of AF-P is higher.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Erik Lund on October 20, 2016, 09:45:37
Thanks for the heads up and details.

There is a whole lot more to the design of the AF than just the type of motor. The way the lens elements are secured to the moving part of the motor or motors and guides must be very strong and stiff to prevent any unwanted movement or breakage.

I don't like the design with one linear motor on one side of the element where the element is more or less just dangling back and forth in the lens barrel,,,

By far I prefer the circular motors, they are strong and a very stable design. Despite the drawback of wear.

https://www.lensrentals.com/blog/2016/04/a-look-at-electromagnetic-focusing/
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 10:01:21
Erik, I share your sentiment abuot the dangling focusing element which is not very good for the mental health.  :D

Hope Nikon will come up to the reasonable focusing mechanism along with the wider employment of the stepping motor.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: ArendV on October 20, 2016, 10:40:35
Interesting Erik.
Now I know what the rattling sound was of the Sigma DN lenses (that I used to own) when powered off, a loose focusing unit  ::)
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Erik Lund on October 20, 2016, 10:58:41
When power is off for some reason, for instance when the motor dies, these lenses with 'linear' motors are basically not usable since you cant focus them at all,,,
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: David H. Hartman on October 20, 2016, 11:27:45
So what is the prognosis: are things getting better or worse?
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Erik Lund on October 20, 2016, 11:41:25
I feel that A lens without MF at least as a back up is worse,,,
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: David H. Hartman on October 20, 2016, 12:04:25
I never should have sold my Nikon F.

Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: bjornthun on October 20, 2016, 12:11:02
Are the AF-P lenses focus by wire or is it the same clutch system as with AF-S lenses? I'm asking after the manual focus ring operation here.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: ArendV on October 20, 2016, 12:27:33
fly-by-wire (see my earlier link to Thom Hogan's review).
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 17:20:55
Well, the current two AF-P lenses are entry models.  I believe the future AF-P replacements will retain the mechanical linkage with the focusing unit.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: bjornthun on October 20, 2016, 17:47:06
Well, the current two AF-P lenses are entry models.  I believe the future AF-P replacements will retain the mechanical linkage with the focusing unit.
I don't know. Does the focus unit have a felix or helicoid? If the focus group moves along a slide there won't be anything to connect a focus ring to mechanically. So it will depend on the internal construction, if it's possible.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 17:54:09
With "future replacements", I meant the followers of other existing AF-S lenses.  Sorry to be unclear.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: bjornthun on October 20, 2016, 18:39:10
With "future replacements", I meant the followers of other existing AF-S lenses.  Sorry to be unclear.
I was asking about the two current AF-P 18-55 and 55-300 lenses. Do they have helixes or helicoids?

Sorry, if didn't make myself clear.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Akira on October 20, 2016, 19:25:53
I was asking about the two current AF-P 18-55 and 55-300 lenses. Do they have helixes or helicoids?

Sorry, if didn't make myself clear.

According to Nikon's explanation, these lenses cannot focus manually with the focusing rings when the power on the camera is off or half-press timer switches the camera off.  I don't know exactly about the focusing mechanism, but it is sure that you can manually focus only when the camera is powered on.  The focus ring should work fly-by-wire and should not be connected mechanically with the focusing system, with or without helixes.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Erik Lund on October 20, 2016, 19:31:39
It's shown quite clearly if you follow the link to LensRentals how these look like inside.

Many mirorless and 4/3 lenses are designed like this.

The are several way to do it, Leica does it differently on the SL lenses.
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: bjornthun on October 20, 2016, 19:35:04
Thanks, Erik!
Title: Re: Humble but potential revolution: AF-P
Post by: Erik Lund on October 20, 2016, 20:17:13
It's interesting to see the inside of these new lenses!

Even the new Hasselblad sk medium format lenses are fly by wire also with manual override and no fixed relation between focus ring and optics.