I wonder what is happening here. This is a screenshot of how my comment appears on my screen.
Over to the technical experts!
The problem is that when someone clicks "quote" in order to reply to your post-within-a-post, everything disappears, because only the most recent text is preserved in the blue box in the reply.
What is unethical is treating others as a means to an end, rather than as an end in themselves.
A photographic example of treating a person as a mean to an end is photographing them without their consent.
The idea that it is perfectly OK to treat the natural world as a means to an end is at the root of all the environmental damage done by humans, and as long as that idea dominates thinking the environmental destruction will continue. It is a fantasy to imagine that the natural world can be saved by making it the means to a lucrative end, because always, sooner or later, people have found a yet-more-lucrative end that the natural world is in the way of.
What links ivory poaching and the underwater kingfisher photograph is that both are being justified by the assumption that it is OK to treat the natural world as a means to an end. The fact that in one case the end requires a large mammal to be killed and in the other it requires only a few fish to be killed makes no difference of principle.
Of course it is
possible to photograph the natural world in a way that does not treat it as a means to an end, but whether that is the case for any particular photograph is a question the photographer has to answer
before the shutter clicks. Asking "How do you know the animal's behaviour is being changed?" is beside the point: if you do not
know that it
isn't being changed the photograph is unethical.