Mathew,
Birna,
Perhaps I have located the stop screw that you mention: a spring-loaded pin embedded in the lens mount on the camera body, located approximately 120 degrees clockwise from the top. The pin snaps out into a slot on the lens mount, as the lens is twisted counterclockwise while mounting to the camera body.
In any case, the TC-1.4B AIS appears to mount properly - not going beyond the stop. Also, various other AI/AIS lenses mount properly, and the camera stops lenses down to working apertures just fine. When TC-14B is in place on the camera body, I'm able to see the entire image scene through the viewfinder. However, in live view mode, with the mirror in the retracted position, the bottom 1/4 - 1/3 of the image along the bottom edge is blocked (blacked out), and photos are also blacked out along the bottom. The mirror is not fully retracted, I think, as it is hitting the metal "surround" that contains the rear element of the TC. I note that the TC-14B rear element extends into the camera body.
It's a mystery...The issue just came up - I've been using the TC with the 300mm for 3-4 years without difficulty.
Thank you for your comments and help - much appreciated, Robert